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Garry Winogrand (14 January 1928 – 19 March 1984) was a street photographer from the Bronx, New York, known for his portrayal of American life, and its social issues, in the mid-20th century. Though he photographed in Los Angeles and elsewhere, Winogrand was essentially a New York photographer. He received three Guggenheim Fellowships〔 to work on personal projects, a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts,〔 and published four books during his lifetime. He was one of three photographers featured in the influential ''New Documents'' exhibition at Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1967 and had solo exhibitions there in 1969,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 31 January 2015 )〕 1977〔 and 1988. He supported himself by working as a freelance photojournalist and advertising photographer in the 1950s and 1960s, and taught photography in the 1970s.〔 His photographs featured in photography magazines including ''Popular Photography'', ''Eros'', ''Contemporary Photographer'' and ''Photography Annual''.〔 Photography curator, historian, and critic John Szarkowski called Winogrand the central photographer of his generation.〔 Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in ''The Guardian'' in 2014, said "In the 1960s and 70s, he defined street photography as an attitude as well as a style – and it has laboured in his shadow ever since, so definitive are his photographs of New York." Phil Coomes, writing for BBC News in 2013, said "For those of us interested in street photography there are a few names that stand out and one of those is Garry Winogrand, whose pictures of New York in the 1960s are a photographic lesson in every frame." At the time of his death Winogrand's late work remained undeveloped, with about 2,500 rolls of undeveloped film, 6,500 rolls of developed but not proofed exposures, and about 3,000 rolls only realised as far as contact sheets being made.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate = 2011-11-29 )〕 ==Life and work== Winogrand's parents, Abraham and Bertha,〔 emigrated to the US from Budapest and Warsaw. Garry grew up with his sister Stella in a then predominantly Jewish working-class area of the Bronx, New York, where his father was a leather worker in the garment industry, and his mother made neckties for piecemeal work.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Michael Hoppen Gallery - Garry Winogrand )〕 Winogrand graduated from high school in 1946 and entered the US Army Air Force. He returned to New York in 1947 and studied painting at City College of New York and painting and photography at Columbia University, also in New York, in 1948.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 26 December 2014 )〕 He also attended a photojournalism class taught by Alexey Brodovich at The New School for Social Research in New York in 1951.〔〔 Winogrand married Adrienne Lubeau in 1952. They had two children, Laurie〔 in 1956 and Ethan〔 in 1958. They separated in 1963 and divorced in 1966. He worked as a freelance photojournalist and advertising photographer in the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1952 and 1954 he worked at the Pix Photo Agency in Manhattan, and from 1954 at Brackman Associates.〔 Two of Winogrand's photographs appeared in the 1955 The Family of Man exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York.〔 His first solo show was held at Image Gallery in New York in 1959.〔 His first notable exhibition was in ''Five Unrelated Photographers'' in 1963, also at MoMA in New York, along with Minor White, George Krause, Jerome Liebling and Ken Heyman. In the early 1960s, he photographed on the streets of New York City at the same time as contemporaries Lee Friedlander, Tod Papageorge, Diane Arbus and Joel Meyerowitz. In 1964 Winogrand was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to travel "for photographic studies of American life".〔 In 1966 he exhibited at the George Eastman House in Rochester, New York with Friedlander, Duane Michals, Bruce Davidson, and Danny Lyon in an exhibition entitled ''Toward a Social Landscape,'' curated by Nathan Lyons. In 1967 his work was included in the "influential" ''New Documents'' show at MoMA in New York〔 with Diane Arbus and Lee Friedlander, curated by John Szarkowski.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Garry Winogrand - Bio )〕 Around 1967 Winogrand married his second wife, Judy Teller. They were together until 1969. His photographs of the Bronx Zoo and the Coney Island Aquarium made up his first book ''The Animals'' (1969), a collection of pictures that observes the connections between humans and animals. He was awarded his second Guggenheim Fellowship in 1969〔 to continue exploring "the effect of the media on events", through the then novel phenomenon of events created specifically for the mass media. Between 1969 and 1976 he photographed at public events,〔 producing 6,500 prints for Papageorge to select for his solo exhibition at MoMA, and book, ''Public Relations'' (1977). In 1972 he married Eileen Adele Hale, with whom he had a daughter, Melissa.〔 He supported himself in the 1970s by teaching,〔 first in New York. He moved to Chicago in 1971 and taught photography at the Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology〔 between 1971 and 1972. He moved to Texas in 1973 and taught at the University of Texas at Austin between 1973 and 1978.〔 He moved to LA in 1978, where he exposed 8,522 rolls of film. In 1979 he used his third Guggenheim Fellowship〔 to travel throughout the southern and western United States investigating the social issues of his time.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate = 2011-11-29 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 2011-11-29 )〕 In his book ''Stock Photographs'' (1980) he showed "people in relation to each other and to their show animals" at the Fort Worth Fat Stock Show and Rodeo. Szarkowski, the Director of Photography at New York's MoMA, became an editor and reviewer of Winogrand's work. Szarkowski called him the central photographer of his generation.〔 Winogrand was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer on 1 February 1984 and went immediately to the Gerson Clinic in Tijuana to seek an alternative cure.〔Jerry Saltz (August 10, 2014), () ''New York Magazine''.〕 He died on 19 March, at age 56.〔 At the time of his death his late work remained largely undeveloped, with about 2,500 rolls of undeveloped film, 6,500 rolls of developed but not proofed exposures, and about 3,000 rolls only realised as far as contact sheets being made.〔 In total he left nearly 300,000 unedited images. The Garry Winogrand Archive at the Center for Creative Photography (CCP) comprises over 20,000 fine and work prints, 20,000 contact sheets, 100,000 negatives and 30,500 35 mm colour slides as well as a small number of Polaroid prints and several amateur motion picture films.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate = 2011-11-29 )〕 Some of his undeveloped work was exhibited posthumously, and published by MoMA in the overview of his work ''Winogrand, Figments from the Real World'' (2003). Yet more from his largely unexamined archive of early and late work, plus well known photographs, were included in a retrospective touring exhibition beginning in 2013 and in the accompanying book ''Garry Winogrand'' (2013).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Garry Winogrand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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